Tuesday, November 15, 2011

子宫肌瘤会影响月经吗?

子宫肌瘤是一种常见的女性生殖器良性肿瘤,表现为子宫出血、疼痛、白带增多等。那么子宫肌瘤会影响月经吗?专家认为,子宫肌瘤会影响月经的,其原因主要是子宫内膜面积增大,因雌激素作用至子宫内膜增生,肌瘤妨碍子宫收缩,并影响血循环而使内膜充血。

子宫肌瘤

子宫肌瘤多见于30~50岁妇女,以40~50岁最常见,一般来说患有子宫肌瘤会对月经有一定的影响,表现为月经周期缩短、经量增多、经期延长、不规则阴道流血等,但是一般不会导致月经不来,患有子宫肌瘤最好及时进行治疗。

子宫肌瘤的危害:

1、阴道出血

子宫肌瘤的常见症状,表现为月经量过多,周期缩短、不规律,持续时间延长。按肌瘤发生部位,最容易发生子宫出血者为肌壁间肌瘤和粘膜下肌瘤,而浆膜下肌瘤发生月经改变的较少。

2、疼痛

剧烈腹痛,伴恶心,呕吐,体温升高,白细胞增多,肿瘤压迫神经可产生放射性疼痛。

3、不孕

肿瘤生长使子宫变形,输卵管入口受阻可影响精子进入输卵管,使肿瘤阻碍受精。卵着床,均可造成不孕式流产。

4、白带增多

粘膜下肌瘤表面有溃疡时,可有白带增多,合并感染时有脓性白带。

5、腹部肿块

肌瘤增大时,可在下腹触及到肿块,尤其膀胱充盈时,子宫位置上升,肿块更加明显。

6、压迫症状

压迫膀胱或尿道,出现尿频,排尿障碍,子宫肌瘤压迫直肠引起排便障碍。

7、全身症状

肌瘤引起月经过多,可发生继发性贫血,产生头晕,无力等症状。

爱心提示:子宫肌瘤虽是一种良性肿瘤,但也有增大的可能,应及时发现和治疗。

Friday, June 17, 2011

Nursing Guide/Nursing Tips

Nursing bra guide



If you decide to breastfeed, you won't necessarily need bottles, a bottle sterilizer, or formula. But you will need a nursing bra. It will be your key piece of equipment to get the job done quickly and easily.





Getting started - Nursing bra guide
Nursing bras look like regular bras, but the cups open or lower from the front when you pull them aside, or unsnap, unwrap, unzip, or unhook the closure. It's convenient but not essential that you be able to open the cup for nursing quickly and simply with one hand. (You'll be holding your hungry baby with the other. If you can close it one-handed, too, even better.) Whichever style you choose, proper fit is the key to breastfeeding success. A poorly fitting bra not only will be uncomfortable but also may increase the risk of plugged ducts and/or mastitis, a breast infection. An ill-fitting bra can put pressure on milk ducts, which can make them vulnerable to infection-causing bacteria.





An estimated 80 percent of women buy the wrong-size nursing bra. Where do they go wrong? They increase the bra band size and stay with the same cup size. Most women can stay with their original band size--the rib cage expands a bit during pregnancy, but usually not enough to require a larger band size. Some women may want to go up a band size for comfort, which is fine as long as you have a bra with plenty of adjustment hooks in the back. Meanwhile, most women need a larger cup size during pregnancy. If you were a C cup pre-pregnancy, you may go up to an F, or higher. Depending on the manufacturer, cup sizes can range from A through D, then DD, DDD, E, F, G, H, and I.





Recommendations
The best nursing bras are comfortable, absorbent, and don't bind the breasts in any way that could interfere with milk flow. For optimum support, the band and the straps should be made of non-stretchy fabric. But cups should have some stretch to accommodate changing breast size at different phases of nursing and throughout the day. The band should offer multiple hook positions. Look for bras that are 100 percent cotton or a blend of cotton and Lycra or other stretchy synthetic. Since the right size bra is so important to getting breastfeeding off to a good start and reducing the risk of complications, such as clogged milk ducts, shop at a maternity store or visit a lactation consultant/certified bra fitter for at least your first bra. To find a lactation consultant in your area, contact the hospital or birth center where you'll deliver, or visit the International Lactation Consultant Association at www.ilca.org. A professional fitting will ensure a comfortable fit and the correct size. Try on bras for size and feel, and practice with nursing pads in place. After you've bought one properly fitting bra, you can order more of the same style and size online or from a catalog. Many Web sites offer competitive deals. But stick with the manufacturer and style you were fitted with, or be fitted again, if you'd like to try a different style or brand.





Best for breasts
Tempted to use your regular bra for nursing instead of a nursing bra? That's one cost-saving measure you won't want to take. Regular bras aren't designed for nursing and may not give you the extra support you need to be comfortable. Lifting your regular bra up over your breast to nurse can put a lot of pressure on breast tissue, increasing the risk of infection.





Types of nursing bras
Until recently, there was just one type of nursing bra that came in a variety of styles. Now there are some breast-pumping bras on the market, although we have not tested them. Here are the types of nursing bras to consider.





Traditional nursing bras
Most manufacturers have several nursing-bra lines, including models that are comfortable for sleeping or lounging, traditional, seamless "soft cup" and underwire styles, and super-support sports nursing bras that can take a pounding on the tennis court. Nursing bras that are built into nylon/Lycra tank tops and T-shirts are also an option; discreet nursing clips offer quick breastfeeding access. You'll also find padded and plus-size nursing bras.





Closure locations vary and include flaps that attach at the top near the shoulder strap, flaps that open and close between the two cups, and no flaps at all, where the cups just pull down for quick access. Latches vary, too. Squeeze or push-type latches are easy to operate one-handed, compared to snaps, which usually take two hands to close. Go with whichever type is easier for you to use discreetly one-handed (in case you want want to avoid having to put your baby down).





Breast-pumping bras
Pumping bras can replace a nursing bra or be worn over the top of one. They allow you to pump "hands free" with almost any brand of double electric breast pump. The Hands Free Pump Bra by La Leche League (www.llliclothes.com), for example, is worn instead of a nursing bra. Once you put it on, unsnap the pumping panel from the bra cup and insert the pump's breast shield into the bra cups. You then attach the pump tubes and collection bottles to the pump shield and you're ready to pump.





Another style of pumping bra is designed to be worn over your nursing bra. A pumping bra costs less than a stand-alone hands-free pump. (We have not tested these products.)
Nursing bra features. Comfort is the main feature you want in a nursing bra but there are some other features to consider.





Support | Closures | Adjustability | Color and style




Support
In the world of nursing bras, support is queen. You'll need it now more than ever, just to feel comfortable. The best nursing bras open in the back but have flaps in the front for access. They also have strong side and undercup support and an extra-wide back for a fit that doesn't feel tight. Straps should be non-stretch but adjustable. Soft cup styles usually feature a "no roll" band, which is a plus. If you're extra ample, you may be a candidate for bras with extra-wide, padded shoulder straps and fuller cups. But be sure to try them on before you buy, to see if they're comfortable.





Adjustability
Near the end of your pregnancy and in the early weeks of nursing, your breasts may enlarge, sometimes dramatically, and then they usually return to a smaller size once breastfeeding is established. For greatest comfort, you'll want a nursing bra that "grows" with you and springs back again throughout the day--before and after feedings. So although the band and straps should be non-stretch for support, the cups should have some give. In addition, you'll want multiple hook positions on the band--four gives you plenty of versatility--so you can adjust the bra for comfort. After you've found your correct bra size, look for brands made with a blend of cotton and Lycra.





Color and style
Nursing bras once came only in white, beige (taupe), or black. Though white is still the norm, you'll now find nursing bras in brown, teal, florals, and floral animal prints, some with lace and ribbon that fall into the lingerie category.





Nursing bra shopping tips
Certified bra fitting
Yes, there's a certification program for bra fitting. When you're a nursing mother, a properly fitting bra is more important than ever. You'll want comfortable nursing bras that provide the right support--bras that don't bind, pinch, hike up in the back or front, or irritate breast tissue. Most women experience changes in breast size during pregnancy and lactation. For optimum size and fit, go bra-shopping from four to six weeks before your delivery date. Your size may change throughout the rest of your pregnancy and again after you give birth and begin nursing.
You want some give or stretchiness in the cup to accommodate not only these changes in breast size but also normal changes during the course of the day once you begin to nurse. Though the band should be comfortable, that part of the bra should be firm for proper support. The multiple hook positions will allow you to adjust it if you need to; multiple hooks are the key to comfort. Straps should also be firm--not stretchy--for additional support and stability.
Shop at a maternity store and ask the sales staff whether there's a certified bra fitter on staff. This service is usually free of charge. If a certified bra fitter isn't available, a lactation consultant, perhaps one affiliated with the hospital where you'll deliver, can usually help. Many lactation consultants are also certified bra fitters. The advantage to a bra fitter who is also a lactation consultant is that you can develop a relationship with that person and she can help you address any issues or questions right away. To find a lactation consultant in your area, visit the International Lactation Consultant Association (www.ilca.org).

When you're being fitted, you'll be measured under your arms. The tape will also be wrapped around your torso at the fullest point of the bust. The difference between the two measurements is your cup size. Once you get your official size, you can find a style you like and feel comfortable in. Don't be put off by the size the fitter recommends, which could be much different from what you normally wear. Keep an open mind and try it on before you decide whether it's right for you. Once you realize the difference in not only support and comfort but also appearance (a properly fitting bra will make you look much better!), you won't be hung up on letters of the alphabet. You may not end up with the bra size you thought you'd wear, but the bra probably will fit well.

After you've settled on a brand and style of nursing bra and you're confident you've got the right size, buy online from the manufacturer or Web sites that sell it, or from a catalog, if you want to avoid a trip to the store. If you're buying a bra you haven't tried on, double-check the retailer's instructions for measuring since brands may be sized differently, and make sure you can return it in case it doesn't fit. Or play it safe by buying all your nursing bras at the maternity store where you were measured.

What to buy, when
Buy two or more bras. That should be enough to meet your needs, allowing you to have a couple of bras on deck and one or two in the wash. Plan to buy a sleep/loungewear bra for the early days of nursing when you'll want to wear your nursing bra and pads 24/7 for leakage control.

Shop as early as four to six weeks pre-delivery, as we mentioned, but no earlier. Your breasts may enlarge even more during the end of pregnancy and after your milk comes in, so look for bras with cups that stretch. If you're still not comfortable, you may need to be fitted again.

If you're especially large-breasted, you may need to shop around. Some companies make bras for maximum support and coverage for heavier breasts or plus sizes. If the bras available in your local maternity store aren't large enough, try a specialty lingerie or "foundation" store instead. These shops usually can meet your needs and even custom-make bras in your size.
Underwire nursing bras
The pressure from the underwire support may contribute to breast maladies, such as clogged milk ducts. If you feel you must have an underwire bra, it's vitally important for it to be flexible and fit properly. You definitely want to have an underwire nursing bra fitted by a professional.

What not to buy
There are quite a few nursing bras available that require hand-washing, so check the maintenance tag before you buy. Who has time for that? You won't. Because your baby will be high-maintenance enough, you don't want to spend any downtime you have on this laundry detail.





Accessories
In addition to nursing bras, you'll need disposable or washable cotton pads that you can tuck inside to absorb any leakage. The disposable types are usually made of super-absorbent material that wicks moisture away from the skin, They're higher-tech than cotton nursing pads, but both types cost about the same. Both kinds prevent clothing stains and skin irritation and are invisible to the outside world, so it's just a matter of personal preference. You may also need special bra shells that can protect sore nipples from irritation or help draw out inverted nipples. You can find nursing pads and bra shells at drugstores, specialty maternity shops, and baby-product stores.





For instant privacy, many women use a baby blanket to cover their baby when nursing in public. But a nursing cover-up can be more secure because it doesn't slip off as easily. Cover-ups have a strap that's worn around the neck, which prevents them from shifting and babies from being able to yank it off. Whatever you choose, make sure there's enough airflow for your baby to breathe once you're covered.

Nursing clothes
You can buy special nursing shirts and nightwear that have strategically placed slits and flaps that give you fast access to your nursing bra, making breastfeeding ultraconvenient. Although nursing clothes make breastfeeding easy, they're not essential. Moms tell us that they've bought nursing tops they've never used, making do with large shirts and tank tops they can easily maneuver when the time comes.

A button-down-the-front blouse, stretchy T-shirt or sweater, and two-piece pajamas--in other words, your regular clothes--can work just as well. Regular clothes can be even more discreet, if that's important to you.
Because of their front flaps, which consist of two extra pieces of fabric, nursing shirts tend to advertise the fact that you're nursing, although no one, except other mothers, may notice. The newest generation of nursing wear--clingy tank tops and T-shirts--have a built-in nursing bra so you don't have to wear a nursing bra and a nursing top. They're something to consider for a change of pace. Still, like traditional "nursing" shirts, they're an added expense, and their life span tends to be brief. Many moms, especially those who plan to breastfeed for a while, abandon the nursing duds in short order and breastfeed in whatever they wear that day.

Thursday, June 9, 2011

母乳喂养成功的关键

1、有信心、下决心。大量研究证明,只要母亲在妊娠期体重增加12公斤左右就完全具备哺乳的条件和能力。母乳是你赐给宝宝的一笔财富,用自己的乳汁哺育宝宝是再自然不过的事了,最关键的是你的信心和决心。而成功的哺乳无论对宝宝还是母亲都是一种美满幸福的经历。

2、实行断脐后母子皮肤即直接接触,1天24小时母婴同室,早开奶、多吸吮、按需哺乳等促进乳汁分泌的有效措施。

3、宝宝生后1-2周,母亲尚未真正下奶前,千万不能误认为自己“没有奶”而放弃母乳喂养。在这关键时刻,只要坚持就会成功。

4、不要喂水,不要让宝宝吸橡皮奶头。
母乳中的营养成分和水分已能满足出生至4-6个月宝宝生长发育的全部需要,不必再加糖水、菜水和其他代乳品。宝宝出生头几天,虽然初乳分泌量较少,也不必加任何食物和饮料。吸橡皮乳头,会出现“乳头错觉”,使宝宝拒奶、烦燥而导致母乳喂养失败。

5、充分而合理的营养。
母乳喂养期间,必须将宝宝的营养和母亲的营养作为一个整体来考虑,母亲营养充分而合理,才能保证宝宝营养质优量多。既要多吃蛋、鱼、肉、鸡和豆制品,也要摄入大量的蔬菜、水果。粗细粮要搭配,可吃一些玉米窝头,红糖小米粥等。尤其要多喝汤水,如鲜鲫鱼汤、猪蹄汤、排骨汤、鸡汤、青菜鸡蛋汤等,还应喝些豆浆和含有维生素AD的牛奶。禁止吸烟、饮酒和辛辣食品,慎用药物。
  一般哺乳期母亲每日的食谱至少应当包括
   粮食:500-700克  蛋类:200克(4个)  
   肉类:200-250克  豆制品:50-100克  
   牛奶:250克      汤水:1000-1500克
   蔬菜:500克(其中绿叶蔬菜不少于250克)

6、注意睡眠和休息,保持身心愉快、情绪稳定。
母乳喂养是一种心理生理过程。精神紧张、情绪低沉、焦虑、悲伤、过分疲劳、睡眠不足等,可直接或间接地减少乳汁的分泌。有的母亲由于担心母乳不够,心理负担过重,反而抑制了乳汁分泌,导致乳量暂时“下降”。此时,不用着急,只要坚持母乳喂养,通常1周左右乳汁自然又会恢复或增加。因此母亲要保持开朗乐观的情绪,不管遇到任何困难都要向家人和朋友或医生倾诉,以求得支持和帮助。要调整生活规律,保证充足的睡眠和休息。一般喂奶后要立刻躺下休息,尽量避免家务劳累。

7、家庭的支持和帮助
丈夫及家庭其他成员要支持妻子母乳喂养,关心体贴妻子,分担家务,与妻子共同学习母乳喂养的知识,帮助克服喂养过程中遇到的困难,鼓励妻子坚持母乳喂养。

 第5、6、7条,实质上是一种自然催乳法。

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

In Excel 2007 the the “COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” Formulas had replace the Array Formula in Excel older version.

“COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” formula allows you to stipulate multiple criteria which equivalent to Array Formula.

The Syntax for COUNTIFS:
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range_1, criteria_1, criteria_range_2, criteria_2,……. criteria_range_n, criteria_n),

The Syntax for SUMIFS:
=SUMIFS(sum_range,critera_range_1,criteria_1,criteria_range_2,criteria_2…..and so on if required)

Sample data and Example below:

Month-----Region-----Sales
Jan--------South------200
Jan--------East-------300
Jan--------West------400
Feb--------East-------100
Feb--------North-----200
Feb--------West------300
March-----East-------100
March-----South-----300
March-----North-----600



Firstly, define the Name Manager for “Month, “Region” and “Sales”

Question:

To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=COUNTIFS(Month, "Jan" ,Sales,">100") result= 3

To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=SUMIFS(Sales, Month, "Jan", Sales, ">100") result =(200+300+400) = 900

For the above scenario if you using Excel 2007 version below you can perform the above calculation by using Array Formula as follow:

To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Region="West")*(Sales>100)) result=3}

To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Month="Jan")*(Sales>100)*(Sales)) = 900}

Note: For the Array Formula when you run you need to press “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.
For the “{ ……}” bracket do not need to keying as this “{}” will generated by Excel while you press the “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.
The above Array Formula applicable to Excel 2007 as well.

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

COUNTIFS and SUMIFS in Excel 2007


In Excel 2007 the the “COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” Formulas had replace the Array Formula in Excel older version.


“COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” formula allows you to stipulate multiple criteria which equivalent to Array Formula.





The Syntax for COUNTIFS:
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range_1, criteria_1, criteria_range_2, criteria_2,……. criteria_range_n, criteria_n),





The Syntax for SUMIFS:
=SUMIFS(sum_range,critera_range_1,criteria_1,criteria_range_2,criteria_2…..and so on if required)









Sample data:
















































































































MonthRegionSales
JanSouth200
JanEast300
JanWest400
FebEast100
FebNorth200
FebWest300
MarchEast100
MarchSouth300
MarchNorth600




Firstly, define the Name Manager for “Month, “Region” and “Sales”




Example





To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=COUNTIFS(Month, "Jan" ,Sales,">100") result= 3





To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=SUMIFS(Sales, Month, "Jan", Sales, ">100") result =(200+300+400) = 900





For the above scenario if you using Excel 2007 version below you can perform the above calculation by using Array Formula as follow:





To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Region="West")*(Sales>100)) result=3}





To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Month="Jan")*(Sales>100)*(Sales)) = 900}





Note:




For the Array Formula when you run you need to press “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.



For the “{ ……}” bracket do not need to keying as this “{}” will generated by Excel while you press the “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.



The above Array Formula applicable to Excel 2007 as well.

Monday, January 25, 2010

环保尿布(Cloth Diaper)


閱讀了很多有關紙尿褲的报到。覺得他不但对我们的环境有很大的影响,她也含有大量的化學成分如Sodium Polyacrylate 和dioxin。

在消費者產品安全委員會(CPSC)接到的申訴中,穿紙尿褲引起的尿布疹像是起水泡 、化學物品燒傷 及皮膚炎。有些則說皮膚像是被割傷、抓傷或是被金屬銼刀銼傷等。有些紙尿褲所使用的染色劑會傷害到中央神經系統、肝和腎。美國食品藥物管理局(FDA) 接到人們申 訴紙尿褲的香味會引起頭痛、頭暈及出疹子。

在價格方面,大可替我们節省很多。比如说:

你的宝贝一天用6 片紙尿褲, = 6 * 80cents = RM4.80/天
= 365 天 * RM4.80 = RM1,752
= RM1752 * 3 年 = RM5,256

如果你打算生2 个宝宝的话,RM5256 * 2 = RM10,512

应为在之前我有让我的BB 用环保尿布,但效果并不满意如面对很多问题如漏尿尿或尿尿滲透出来。真的很苦恼!?。。。。不知如何是好?

经过好几个朋友的推薦和建議 MommyLoveU 在加上價格的关系,我終以卖了第3批的环保尿布(Cloth Diaper) 让我的宝贝試用。我觉得很不錯。他的吸收能力很強效果也很满意。我让我的宝贝在晚上使用(10pm 到 7/8am)都没有漏出或滲透出来的现象。现在,我对得环保尿布也建立了很大的信心。

相比之下, 我第一和第二批的环保尿布vs 第三批的环保尿布在品質的怯有很大的差别但在价钱方面他们的差别怯很小。

如果你有興趣想让你BB 试试环保尿布,不妨试"价廉物美”的 MommyLoveU 得环保尿布。 而且它的built up 和color 都很美。

Monday, January 18, 2010

新年






哇! 很有新年气分!

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

子宫肌瘤会影响月经吗?

子宫肌瘤是一种常见的女性生殖器良性肿瘤,表现为子宫出血、疼痛、白带增多等。那么子宫肌瘤会影响月经吗?专家认为,子宫肌瘤会影响月经的,其原因主要是子宫内膜面积增大,因雌激素作用至子宫内膜增生,肌瘤妨碍子宫收缩,并影响血循环而使内膜充血。

子宫肌瘤

子宫肌瘤多见于30~50岁妇女,以40~50岁最常见,一般来说患有子宫肌瘤会对月经有一定的影响,表现为月经周期缩短、经量增多、经期延长、不规则阴道流血等,但是一般不会导致月经不来,患有子宫肌瘤最好及时进行治疗。

子宫肌瘤的危害:

1、阴道出血

子宫肌瘤的常见症状,表现为月经量过多,周期缩短、不规律,持续时间延长。按肌瘤发生部位,最容易发生子宫出血者为肌壁间肌瘤和粘膜下肌瘤,而浆膜下肌瘤发生月经改变的较少。

2、疼痛

剧烈腹痛,伴恶心,呕吐,体温升高,白细胞增多,肿瘤压迫神经可产生放射性疼痛。

3、不孕

肿瘤生长使子宫变形,输卵管入口受阻可影响精子进入输卵管,使肿瘤阻碍受精。卵着床,均可造成不孕式流产。

4、白带增多

粘膜下肌瘤表面有溃疡时,可有白带增多,合并感染时有脓性白带。

5、腹部肿块

肌瘤增大时,可在下腹触及到肿块,尤其膀胱充盈时,子宫位置上升,肿块更加明显。

6、压迫症状

压迫膀胱或尿道,出现尿频,排尿障碍,子宫肌瘤压迫直肠引起排便障碍。

7、全身症状

肌瘤引起月经过多,可发生继发性贫血,产生头晕,无力等症状。

爱心提示:子宫肌瘤虽是一种良性肿瘤,但也有增大的可能,应及时发现和治疗。

Friday, June 17, 2011

Nursing Guide/Nursing Tips

Nursing bra guide



If you decide to breastfeed, you won't necessarily need bottles, a bottle sterilizer, or formula. But you will need a nursing bra. It will be your key piece of equipment to get the job done quickly and easily.





Getting started - Nursing bra guide
Nursing bras look like regular bras, but the cups open or lower from the front when you pull them aside, or unsnap, unwrap, unzip, or unhook the closure. It's convenient but not essential that you be able to open the cup for nursing quickly and simply with one hand. (You'll be holding your hungry baby with the other. If you can close it one-handed, too, even better.) Whichever style you choose, proper fit is the key to breastfeeding success. A poorly fitting bra not only will be uncomfortable but also may increase the risk of plugged ducts and/or mastitis, a breast infection. An ill-fitting bra can put pressure on milk ducts, which can make them vulnerable to infection-causing bacteria.





An estimated 80 percent of women buy the wrong-size nursing bra. Where do they go wrong? They increase the bra band size and stay with the same cup size. Most women can stay with their original band size--the rib cage expands a bit during pregnancy, but usually not enough to require a larger band size. Some women may want to go up a band size for comfort, which is fine as long as you have a bra with plenty of adjustment hooks in the back. Meanwhile, most women need a larger cup size during pregnancy. If you were a C cup pre-pregnancy, you may go up to an F, or higher. Depending on the manufacturer, cup sizes can range from A through D, then DD, DDD, E, F, G, H, and I.





Recommendations
The best nursing bras are comfortable, absorbent, and don't bind the breasts in any way that could interfere with milk flow. For optimum support, the band and the straps should be made of non-stretchy fabric. But cups should have some stretch to accommodate changing breast size at different phases of nursing and throughout the day. The band should offer multiple hook positions. Look for bras that are 100 percent cotton or a blend of cotton and Lycra or other stretchy synthetic. Since the right size bra is so important to getting breastfeeding off to a good start and reducing the risk of complications, such as clogged milk ducts, shop at a maternity store or visit a lactation consultant/certified bra fitter for at least your first bra. To find a lactation consultant in your area, contact the hospital or birth center where you'll deliver, or visit the International Lactation Consultant Association at www.ilca.org. A professional fitting will ensure a comfortable fit and the correct size. Try on bras for size and feel, and practice with nursing pads in place. After you've bought one properly fitting bra, you can order more of the same style and size online or from a catalog. Many Web sites offer competitive deals. But stick with the manufacturer and style you were fitted with, or be fitted again, if you'd like to try a different style or brand.





Best for breasts
Tempted to use your regular bra for nursing instead of a nursing bra? That's one cost-saving measure you won't want to take. Regular bras aren't designed for nursing and may not give you the extra support you need to be comfortable. Lifting your regular bra up over your breast to nurse can put a lot of pressure on breast tissue, increasing the risk of infection.





Types of nursing bras
Until recently, there was just one type of nursing bra that came in a variety of styles. Now there are some breast-pumping bras on the market, although we have not tested them. Here are the types of nursing bras to consider.





Traditional nursing bras
Most manufacturers have several nursing-bra lines, including models that are comfortable for sleeping or lounging, traditional, seamless "soft cup" and underwire styles, and super-support sports nursing bras that can take a pounding on the tennis court. Nursing bras that are built into nylon/Lycra tank tops and T-shirts are also an option; discreet nursing clips offer quick breastfeeding access. You'll also find padded and plus-size nursing bras.





Closure locations vary and include flaps that attach at the top near the shoulder strap, flaps that open and close between the two cups, and no flaps at all, where the cups just pull down for quick access. Latches vary, too. Squeeze or push-type latches are easy to operate one-handed, compared to snaps, which usually take two hands to close. Go with whichever type is easier for you to use discreetly one-handed (in case you want want to avoid having to put your baby down).





Breast-pumping bras
Pumping bras can replace a nursing bra or be worn over the top of one. They allow you to pump "hands free" with almost any brand of double electric breast pump. The Hands Free Pump Bra by La Leche League (www.llliclothes.com), for example, is worn instead of a nursing bra. Once you put it on, unsnap the pumping panel from the bra cup and insert the pump's breast shield into the bra cups. You then attach the pump tubes and collection bottles to the pump shield and you're ready to pump.





Another style of pumping bra is designed to be worn over your nursing bra. A pumping bra costs less than a stand-alone hands-free pump. (We have not tested these products.)
Nursing bra features. Comfort is the main feature you want in a nursing bra but there are some other features to consider.





Support | Closures | Adjustability | Color and style




Support
In the world of nursing bras, support is queen. You'll need it now more than ever, just to feel comfortable. The best nursing bras open in the back but have flaps in the front for access. They also have strong side and undercup support and an extra-wide back for a fit that doesn't feel tight. Straps should be non-stretch but adjustable. Soft cup styles usually feature a "no roll" band, which is a plus. If you're extra ample, you may be a candidate for bras with extra-wide, padded shoulder straps and fuller cups. But be sure to try them on before you buy, to see if they're comfortable.





Adjustability
Near the end of your pregnancy and in the early weeks of nursing, your breasts may enlarge, sometimes dramatically, and then they usually return to a smaller size once breastfeeding is established. For greatest comfort, you'll want a nursing bra that "grows" with you and springs back again throughout the day--before and after feedings. So although the band and straps should be non-stretch for support, the cups should have some give. In addition, you'll want multiple hook positions on the band--four gives you plenty of versatility--so you can adjust the bra for comfort. After you've found your correct bra size, look for brands made with a blend of cotton and Lycra.





Color and style
Nursing bras once came only in white, beige (taupe), or black. Though white is still the norm, you'll now find nursing bras in brown, teal, florals, and floral animal prints, some with lace and ribbon that fall into the lingerie category.





Nursing bra shopping tips
Certified bra fitting
Yes, there's a certification program for bra fitting. When you're a nursing mother, a properly fitting bra is more important than ever. You'll want comfortable nursing bras that provide the right support--bras that don't bind, pinch, hike up in the back or front, or irritate breast tissue. Most women experience changes in breast size during pregnancy and lactation. For optimum size and fit, go bra-shopping from four to six weeks before your delivery date. Your size may change throughout the rest of your pregnancy and again after you give birth and begin nursing.
You want some give or stretchiness in the cup to accommodate not only these changes in breast size but also normal changes during the course of the day once you begin to nurse. Though the band should be comfortable, that part of the bra should be firm for proper support. The multiple hook positions will allow you to adjust it if you need to; multiple hooks are the key to comfort. Straps should also be firm--not stretchy--for additional support and stability.
Shop at a maternity store and ask the sales staff whether there's a certified bra fitter on staff. This service is usually free of charge. If a certified bra fitter isn't available, a lactation consultant, perhaps one affiliated with the hospital where you'll deliver, can usually help. Many lactation consultants are also certified bra fitters. The advantage to a bra fitter who is also a lactation consultant is that you can develop a relationship with that person and she can help you address any issues or questions right away. To find a lactation consultant in your area, visit the International Lactation Consultant Association (www.ilca.org).

When you're being fitted, you'll be measured under your arms. The tape will also be wrapped around your torso at the fullest point of the bust. The difference between the two measurements is your cup size. Once you get your official size, you can find a style you like and feel comfortable in. Don't be put off by the size the fitter recommends, which could be much different from what you normally wear. Keep an open mind and try it on before you decide whether it's right for you. Once you realize the difference in not only support and comfort but also appearance (a properly fitting bra will make you look much better!), you won't be hung up on letters of the alphabet. You may not end up with the bra size you thought you'd wear, but the bra probably will fit well.

After you've settled on a brand and style of nursing bra and you're confident you've got the right size, buy online from the manufacturer or Web sites that sell it, or from a catalog, if you want to avoid a trip to the store. If you're buying a bra you haven't tried on, double-check the retailer's instructions for measuring since brands may be sized differently, and make sure you can return it in case it doesn't fit. Or play it safe by buying all your nursing bras at the maternity store where you were measured.

What to buy, when
Buy two or more bras. That should be enough to meet your needs, allowing you to have a couple of bras on deck and one or two in the wash. Plan to buy a sleep/loungewear bra for the early days of nursing when you'll want to wear your nursing bra and pads 24/7 for leakage control.

Shop as early as four to six weeks pre-delivery, as we mentioned, but no earlier. Your breasts may enlarge even more during the end of pregnancy and after your milk comes in, so look for bras with cups that stretch. If you're still not comfortable, you may need to be fitted again.

If you're especially large-breasted, you may need to shop around. Some companies make bras for maximum support and coverage for heavier breasts or plus sizes. If the bras available in your local maternity store aren't large enough, try a specialty lingerie or "foundation" store instead. These shops usually can meet your needs and even custom-make bras in your size.
Underwire nursing bras
The pressure from the underwire support may contribute to breast maladies, such as clogged milk ducts. If you feel you must have an underwire bra, it's vitally important for it to be flexible and fit properly. You definitely want to have an underwire nursing bra fitted by a professional.

What not to buy
There are quite a few nursing bras available that require hand-washing, so check the maintenance tag before you buy. Who has time for that? You won't. Because your baby will be high-maintenance enough, you don't want to spend any downtime you have on this laundry detail.





Accessories
In addition to nursing bras, you'll need disposable or washable cotton pads that you can tuck inside to absorb any leakage. The disposable types are usually made of super-absorbent material that wicks moisture away from the skin, They're higher-tech than cotton nursing pads, but both types cost about the same. Both kinds prevent clothing stains and skin irritation and are invisible to the outside world, so it's just a matter of personal preference. You may also need special bra shells that can protect sore nipples from irritation or help draw out inverted nipples. You can find nursing pads and bra shells at drugstores, specialty maternity shops, and baby-product stores.





For instant privacy, many women use a baby blanket to cover their baby when nursing in public. But a nursing cover-up can be more secure because it doesn't slip off as easily. Cover-ups have a strap that's worn around the neck, which prevents them from shifting and babies from being able to yank it off. Whatever you choose, make sure there's enough airflow for your baby to breathe once you're covered.

Nursing clothes
You can buy special nursing shirts and nightwear that have strategically placed slits and flaps that give you fast access to your nursing bra, making breastfeeding ultraconvenient. Although nursing clothes make breastfeeding easy, they're not essential. Moms tell us that they've bought nursing tops they've never used, making do with large shirts and tank tops they can easily maneuver when the time comes.

A button-down-the-front blouse, stretchy T-shirt or sweater, and two-piece pajamas--in other words, your regular clothes--can work just as well. Regular clothes can be even more discreet, if that's important to you.
Because of their front flaps, which consist of two extra pieces of fabric, nursing shirts tend to advertise the fact that you're nursing, although no one, except other mothers, may notice. The newest generation of nursing wear--clingy tank tops and T-shirts--have a built-in nursing bra so you don't have to wear a nursing bra and a nursing top. They're something to consider for a change of pace. Still, like traditional "nursing" shirts, they're an added expense, and their life span tends to be brief. Many moms, especially those who plan to breastfeed for a while, abandon the nursing duds in short order and breastfeed in whatever they wear that day.

Thursday, June 9, 2011

母乳喂养成功的关键

1、有信心、下决心。大量研究证明,只要母亲在妊娠期体重增加12公斤左右就完全具备哺乳的条件和能力。母乳是你赐给宝宝的一笔财富,用自己的乳汁哺育宝宝是再自然不过的事了,最关键的是你的信心和决心。而成功的哺乳无论对宝宝还是母亲都是一种美满幸福的经历。

2、实行断脐后母子皮肤即直接接触,1天24小时母婴同室,早开奶、多吸吮、按需哺乳等促进乳汁分泌的有效措施。

3、宝宝生后1-2周,母亲尚未真正下奶前,千万不能误认为自己“没有奶”而放弃母乳喂养。在这关键时刻,只要坚持就会成功。

4、不要喂水,不要让宝宝吸橡皮奶头。
母乳中的营养成分和水分已能满足出生至4-6个月宝宝生长发育的全部需要,不必再加糖水、菜水和其他代乳品。宝宝出生头几天,虽然初乳分泌量较少,也不必加任何食物和饮料。吸橡皮乳头,会出现“乳头错觉”,使宝宝拒奶、烦燥而导致母乳喂养失败。

5、充分而合理的营养。
母乳喂养期间,必须将宝宝的营养和母亲的营养作为一个整体来考虑,母亲营养充分而合理,才能保证宝宝营养质优量多。既要多吃蛋、鱼、肉、鸡和豆制品,也要摄入大量的蔬菜、水果。粗细粮要搭配,可吃一些玉米窝头,红糖小米粥等。尤其要多喝汤水,如鲜鲫鱼汤、猪蹄汤、排骨汤、鸡汤、青菜鸡蛋汤等,还应喝些豆浆和含有维生素AD的牛奶。禁止吸烟、饮酒和辛辣食品,慎用药物。
  一般哺乳期母亲每日的食谱至少应当包括
   粮食:500-700克  蛋类:200克(4个)  
   肉类:200-250克  豆制品:50-100克  
   牛奶:250克      汤水:1000-1500克
   蔬菜:500克(其中绿叶蔬菜不少于250克)

6、注意睡眠和休息,保持身心愉快、情绪稳定。
母乳喂养是一种心理生理过程。精神紧张、情绪低沉、焦虑、悲伤、过分疲劳、睡眠不足等,可直接或间接地减少乳汁的分泌。有的母亲由于担心母乳不够,心理负担过重,反而抑制了乳汁分泌,导致乳量暂时“下降”。此时,不用着急,只要坚持母乳喂养,通常1周左右乳汁自然又会恢复或增加。因此母亲要保持开朗乐观的情绪,不管遇到任何困难都要向家人和朋友或医生倾诉,以求得支持和帮助。要调整生活规律,保证充足的睡眠和休息。一般喂奶后要立刻躺下休息,尽量避免家务劳累。

7、家庭的支持和帮助
丈夫及家庭其他成员要支持妻子母乳喂养,关心体贴妻子,分担家务,与妻子共同学习母乳喂养的知识,帮助克服喂养过程中遇到的困难,鼓励妻子坚持母乳喂养。

 第5、6、7条,实质上是一种自然催乳法。

Wednesday, June 8, 2011

In Excel 2007 the the “COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” Formulas had replace the Array Formula in Excel older version.

“COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” formula allows you to stipulate multiple criteria which equivalent to Array Formula.

The Syntax for COUNTIFS:
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range_1, criteria_1, criteria_range_2, criteria_2,……. criteria_range_n, criteria_n),

The Syntax for SUMIFS:
=SUMIFS(sum_range,critera_range_1,criteria_1,criteria_range_2,criteria_2…..and so on if required)

Sample data and Example below:

Month-----Region-----Sales
Jan--------South------200
Jan--------East-------300
Jan--------West------400
Feb--------East-------100
Feb--------North-----200
Feb--------West------300
March-----East-------100
March-----South-----300
March-----North-----600



Firstly, define the Name Manager for “Month, “Region” and “Sales”

Question:

To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=COUNTIFS(Month, "Jan" ,Sales,">100") result= 3

To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=SUMIFS(Sales, Month, "Jan", Sales, ">100") result =(200+300+400) = 900

For the above scenario if you using Excel 2007 version below you can perform the above calculation by using Array Formula as follow:

To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Region="West")*(Sales>100)) result=3}

To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Month="Jan")*(Sales>100)*(Sales)) = 900}

Note: For the Array Formula when you run you need to press “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.
For the “{ ……}” bracket do not need to keying as this “{}” will generated by Excel while you press the “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.
The above Array Formula applicable to Excel 2007 as well.

Tuesday, June 7, 2011

COUNTIFS and SUMIFS in Excel 2007


In Excel 2007 the the “COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” Formulas had replace the Array Formula in Excel older version.


“COUNTIFS” and “SUMIFS” formula allows you to stipulate multiple criteria which equivalent to Array Formula.





The Syntax for COUNTIFS:
=COUNTIFS(criteria_range_1, criteria_1, criteria_range_2, criteria_2,……. criteria_range_n, criteria_n),





The Syntax for SUMIFS:
=SUMIFS(sum_range,critera_range_1,criteria_1,criteria_range_2,criteria_2…..and so on if required)









Sample data:
















































































































MonthRegionSales
JanSouth200
JanEast300
JanWest400
FebEast100
FebNorth200
FebWest300
MarchEast100
MarchSouth300
MarchNorth600




Firstly, define the Name Manager for “Month, “Region” and “Sales”




Example





To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=COUNTIFS(Month, "Jan" ,Sales,">100") result= 3





To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
=SUMIFS(Sales, Month, "Jan", Sales, ">100") result =(200+300+400) = 900





For the above scenario if you using Excel 2007 version below you can perform the above calculation by using Array Formula as follow:





To calculate the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Region="West")*(Sales>100)) result=3}





To total up the Sales where the Month = Jan and the sales > 100
{=SUM((Month="Jan")*(Sales>100)*(Sales)) = 900}





Note:




For the Array Formula when you run you need to press “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.



For the “{ ……}” bracket do not need to keying as this “{}” will generated by Excel while you press the “Ctrl+Shifted+Enter” key.



The above Array Formula applicable to Excel 2007 as well.

Monday, January 25, 2010

环保尿布(Cloth Diaper)


閱讀了很多有關紙尿褲的报到。覺得他不但对我们的环境有很大的影响,她也含有大量的化學成分如Sodium Polyacrylate 和dioxin。

在消費者產品安全委員會(CPSC)接到的申訴中,穿紙尿褲引起的尿布疹像是起水泡 、化學物品燒傷 及皮膚炎。有些則說皮膚像是被割傷、抓傷或是被金屬銼刀銼傷等。有些紙尿褲所使用的染色劑會傷害到中央神經系統、肝和腎。美國食品藥物管理局(FDA) 接到人們申 訴紙尿褲的香味會引起頭痛、頭暈及出疹子。

在價格方面,大可替我们節省很多。比如说:

你的宝贝一天用6 片紙尿褲, = 6 * 80cents = RM4.80/天
= 365 天 * RM4.80 = RM1,752
= RM1752 * 3 年 = RM5,256

如果你打算生2 个宝宝的话,RM5256 * 2 = RM10,512

应为在之前我有让我的BB 用环保尿布,但效果并不满意如面对很多问题如漏尿尿或尿尿滲透出来。真的很苦恼!?。。。。不知如何是好?

经过好几个朋友的推薦和建議 MommyLoveU 在加上價格的关系,我終以卖了第3批的环保尿布(Cloth Diaper) 让我的宝贝試用。我觉得很不錯。他的吸收能力很強效果也很满意。我让我的宝贝在晚上使用(10pm 到 7/8am)都没有漏出或滲透出来的现象。现在,我对得环保尿布也建立了很大的信心。

相比之下, 我第一和第二批的环保尿布vs 第三批的环保尿布在品質的怯有很大的差别但在价钱方面他们的差别怯很小。

如果你有興趣想让你BB 试试环保尿布,不妨试"价廉物美”的 MommyLoveU 得环保尿布。 而且它的built up 和color 都很美。

Monday, January 18, 2010

新年






哇! 很有新年气分!